Another hadith states, "It is not the character of a believer to indulge in slandering, cursing, or immoral talk.”3 The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "When a servant curses something, the curse rises up to the sky, where the doors of the sky shut it out, and then it falls back to earth, where the doors of the earth shut it out. Then it searches right and left and when it does not find anywhere to go it comes back to the thing which was cursed, should it deserve it. If not, it returns upon the person who uttered it.”4
'Umran Ibn Husain said, "While the Prophet (pbuh) was on a journey, there was a woman of the Ansar riding a camel which annoyed her, where upon she cursed it. The Prophet (pbuh) heard this and said,
"Take off what is on its back and release it, for it has been cursed." And it is as if I can still see it now, walking along among the people, no one stopping it.”5
On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah said,
"The worst form of usury is the violation of the personal honor of a Muslim.” 6 `Amr Ibn Qays said, "When a man rides on his mount, it says, "O Allah! Make him kind and merciful with me!' should he curse it, it would say, 'On my back is the worst disobedient to Allah and His Messenger. May Allah curse him (the man who rides it)!”
The Permissibility of Cursing Those Who Commit Disobedience when they are not Personally Identified or Known Allah Most High says, {Behold! The curse of Allah is on those who do wrong!}
(Hud: 18)
AI-Bukhari. Reported by AI-Bukhari Reported by At- Tirmdhi. Reported by Abu Dawud. Reported by Muslim. Reported by Abu Dawud. He also says,
{Then let us earnestly pray And invoke the curse of Allah on those who lie.}
(Al-Imran: 61)
However, many hadiths verify that the Prophet (pbuh) said,
"Allah has cursed the one who takes usury, the one who pays it, the one who writes the contract, and the one who witnesses the contract.”1
"Allah curses the man who marries a woman after her divorce solely to permit her first husband to remarry her and He curses the first husband as well.”
"Allah curses women who wear false hair or arrange it for others, who tattoo or have themselves tattooed, who separate their front teeth for beauty, altering what Allah has created.” 2 "Allah curses those who make pictures.”3 "Allah curses him who surreptitiously changes property-line markers.” 4
"'Allah curses him who curses his parents.” "Allah curses him who insults his mother.” 5
"Allah curses a man who misleads a blind person from the way.”6 "May Allah curse him who does what Lot's people did.” 7
"Allah curses him who go to fortune-teller asking him about something, and the one who sodomizes a woman.”8
"The woman who loudly lament the dead is cursed.”
"He who leads people in Prayer while they detest him is cursed.”
"Allah curses a woman who sleeps the night while her husband is angry with her.”
"The one who hears muezzin (caller to prayer) say, 'come to Prayer, come to Prosperity, , and does not answer the call is cursed.”9
"Whoever slaughters a sacrifice for the sake of any other than Allah is cursed.”10
"Allah curses the thief.”11
"The curse of Allah is upon whoever reviles the Companions of the Prophet (pbuh).”12
Reported by Muslim. Reported by 1bn Hibban. A part of Hadith, Reported by Al-Bukhari Al-Bukhari. A part of Hadith, Reported by Al-Bukhari Reported by Muslim. Ahmad. Ahmad. At-Tirmidhi. At-Tirmidhi. At-Tirmidhi. At-Tirmidhi. "The Prophet (pbuh) cursed effeminate men and masculine women.”
"The Prophet (pbuh) cursed men who imitate women and women who imitate men.”
"The Prophet (pbuh) cursed men who wear women's clothing and women who wear men's.”1 "He cursed the one who corrupts the relation between a wife and her husband or between servant and his master.”
"He cursed the one who has intercourse with a woman during her period or sodomizes a woman.”
"He cursed the one who points a blade (or any other weapon) at his brother." "He cursed him who refuses to give Zakat." "He cursed him who falsely claims someone is his father, knowing he is not.” "He cursed whoever brands or strikes the face of livestock." "He cursed the one who intercedes on behalf of a criminal concerning a decree of Allah and the criminal is cursed as well." "He cursed the wife who goes out from her house without the permission of her husband.” "He cursed the wife who passes the night refusing to satisfy the sexual needs of her husband until she submits to her husband's desire." "He cursed the one who sodomizes and the one who lets it be done to him.” "Allah has cursed wine, and whoever drinks it, pours it, sells it, buys it, presses it for another, presses it for himself; carries it, accepts its delivery, or ears its price. "
"There are six whom I curse, Allah curses, and who are cursed by every prophet whose supplications are answered:he who denies Allah's Destiny, he who adds anything to Allah's Book, he who rules arrogantly, he who considers what Allah has prohibited to be lawful, he who deems it permissible to treat my family in ways Allah has forbidden ( such as insulting or reviling them), and he who abandons my Sunnah (out of disdain for it)."
"He cursed the one who fornicates with his neighbor's wife."
"He curses him who conceals knowledge.”
"He curses him who practices masturbation and who fornicates with his mother or his daughter.”
"He cursed the one who hoards goods until the price rises.”
"He cursed the one who offers a bribe, the one who receives it, and the one who arranges it.”
"He cursed the harsh ruler.”
"He cursed men and women who refrain from marriage." "He cursed the one who sodomizes an animal.”
It is permissible (but not rewarded by Allah) to curse those who possess blameworthy characteristics, by saying, "Allah curses oppressors," "Allah curses the corrupt," "Allah curses picture-makers," and so forth. As for cursing a particular person who commits some act of disobedience, such as an oppressor,
At-Tirmidhi. adulterer, maker of pictures, the thief, or the one who consumes usurious gain; the hadith evidence seems to suggest that it is not unlawful, though Ghazali indicates (and it is the most reliable opinion) that is unlawful unless the person cursed is someone we know has died in a state of unbelief, such as Abu Lahab, Abu Jahl, Pharaoh, Haman, and others like them. This, Ghazali notes, is because "to curse means to distance another from the mercy of Allah Most High, while we do not know how the particular corrupt person or non-Muslim will end his life." As for those the Prophet (pbuh) personally cursed such as the tribes of Ri'la, Zakwan and 'Usiah, perhaps it was because he knew they would die in unbelief. Praying that evil befalls a person is similar to cursing, even when against a tyrant, such as saying, 'May Allah not heal him,' 'May Allah not keep him safe,' and similar remarks, all of which are blameworthy (being unlawful, if of a Muslim). And likewise for cursing any animals or inanimate objects whatever, all this is objectionable."
The scholars therefore say, "Whoever curses someone who does not deserve so, let the former modify it by saying, if he deserves to be cursed.'" It is permissible for one who invites to good and forbids evil to address someone saying, "woe to you', "O you who have wronged his own self" and the like. Provided that he should avoid lying defamation, slander. Besides this, his objective should be admonishing and not insulting people. 45) Breaking One's Promise Or Pledge
Allah, Most High, says, {And fulfill (every) engagement, for (every) engagement will be enquired into on the day of reckoning}
(AI-Isra: 34) {O ye who believe! Fulfill (all) obligations?}
(AI-Ma'idah: 1)
Az-Zajjaj said engagements include all what Allah commands or forbids. AI-Wahidi also said obligations include what Allah made lawful or unlawful in the Qur'an. Muqatil Ibn Hayyan added, it is also included the convenants held among Muslims or between Muslim and non- Muslims. The Prophet (pbuh) said, "There are four (habits) which, if found in a person, he is a perfect hypocrite. If one of these is found in a person, then he has one sign of hypocrisy, until he leaves it. These four characteristics of a hypocrite are: when he is entrusted (with something) he embezzles, when he talks he lies, when he promises he breaks it, and when he argues he starts abusing people.” 1 The Prophet (pbuh) said, "For everyone who breaks his promise, there will be a flag (to mark him out) on the Day of Judgment, and it will be announced that this flag is the symbol of promise by so and so.”2 The Prophet (pbuh) said, "There will be three people against whom I shall fight on the Day of htdgment: one, the person who makes a promise with an oath in my name and then breaks it, two, the person who sells a free man as a slave and appropriates his sale proceed and three, the person who employs, a workman and having taken full work from him fails to pay him his dues.” 3
The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Whoever withdraws himself from an engagement of loyalty will meet Allah with no excuse on the Day of Judgment. The death of someone who dies without the leader of a group over him is as if he had died in the pre-Islamic period of ignorance.” 4
Reported before. Reported by Al-Bukhari and Muslim. Reported by Al-Bukhari, Ibn Majah and Ahmad Reported by Muslim, Ibn Hibban and Ahmad. 46) Believing Fortunetellers and Astrologers
Allah, Most High says,
{And pursue not that of which thou hast no knowledge, for surely the hearing, the sight, the learnt all of those shall be questioned of.}
(AI-Isra': 36)
Elaborating on the above Ayah AI-Wahidi reported AI-Kalbi's commentary that idle curiosity and undocumented reports are condemned. AI-Wahidi said, we should be called to accounted for the exercise of every faculty that has been given to us.
{He (alone) knows the Unseen, nor does He make anyone acquainted with his secrets. Except a Messenger whom he has chosen.}
(AI-Jin: 26)
Thus, whoever believes that we can disclose the unseen guided by stars is an unbeliever. The Prophet (pbuh) said,
"Whoever goes to a psychic (`Arraf) or a fortuneteller and believes what he says disbelieves in what has been revealed to Muhammad.”1 The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Allah, Most High says, "One of my servants reaches daybreak a believer, another an unbeliever. He who says," we have received rain by Allah's grace" is a believer in me and a disbeliever in planets. But he who says," we have received rain by the effects of such and such a mansion of the moon" is an unbeliever in me and a believer in planets.” 2 Scholars said, if someone thinks planets have an influence independent of the will of Allah, he is an unbeliever. But there is no harm to think that some is a sign of rain. "Whoever goes to a psychic, asks him about something, and believes him, will not have his prayer accepted for forty days.” 3 'Aishah related that some people solicited from the holy Prophet (pbuh) in formation about soothsayers. He said, 'They are a humbug and nonsense. The companions asked, "O Messenger of Allah! Sometimes they foretell something which comes true." The Prophet (pbuh) explained, "This is something which Satan hears, by chance from the angels, and conveys to his colleagues. They mix a hundred falsehoods with it and tell it to people.”4 `Aishah said that she heard the holy Prophet (pbuh) say, "The angels descend into the atmosphere with heavenly orders, talking about something that has been
Reported by Ahamd and AI-Hakim. Reported by AI-Bukhari and Muslim. Reported by Muslim and Ahmad. Reported by AI-Bukhari, Muslim and Ahmad. decreed in heaven, and Satan over-hears this and thereafter communicates it to the soothsayers, who add a hundred falsehoods with it themselves (to convey to their clients).” 1
Qubaisa Ibn Al-Mukhariq said that he heard the Holy Prophet (pbuh) saying,
"Fortune telling, drawing lots or lives and flying birds to find good or bad omens from the direction of their flight, are all devilish practices.” 2 Ibn 'Abbas relates that the holy Prophet (pbuh) said, “A person who learns about astrology, it is as if he learns magic, and the more he learns this, the more he learns about magic.” 3 May Allah save us from this in this world and the next.
Reported by A1-Bukhari. Reported by Abu Dawud. Reported by Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah and Ahmad. 47) A Wife's Rebellion Against Her Husband
Allah, Most High says,
{As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them first. Next refuse to share their beds and lastly beat them (lightly). If they return to obedience, seek not means against them (of annoyance); for Allah is Most High, great (above you all).} (An-Nisa': 34)
The Prophet (pbuh) said,
“When a man calls his wife to his bed and she does not come, if he spends the night angry with her, the
angels curse her until morning.” 1
Another version from Al-Bukhari and Muslim is,
“When a woman does not spend the night in her husband's bed, and refuses him then He who is in heaven (i.e. Allah) remains displeased with her, till her husband has reconciled with her.” 2 Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) related, "There are three people whose prayers will not be accepted by Allah, nor do any good deed of theirs risen up to heaven: a fleeing slave until he returns to his master and helps him, a woman whose husband is angry with her until he is pleased with her, and a drunkard until he becomes conscious.” 3
The Prophet (pbuh) said,
"The first things a woman is called to account for on the Day of Judgment are her prayers and her (relations with her) husband.” 4
The Prophet (pbuh) said,
"It is not lawful for a woman to fast (voluntarily) when her husband is present, except by his permission nor permit anyone into his house except with his permission.” 5
The Prophet (pbuh) said,
"Had it been permissible that a person prostrate himself before another, I would have ordered that a wife prostrate herself before her husband.” 6
Hussain Ibn Muhsan's aunt mentioned her husband to the Prophet (pbuh) who said, "Evaluate yourself concerning your husband for he is you Paradise or Hell-Fire.” 7
The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Allah will not look at a woman who is ungrateful to her husband, while she is unable to do without him.” 1
Reported by Al-Bukhari and Muslim. Reported by Muslim. Reported by Ibn Hibban. Reported by As-Suyuti in AI-Jam! AI-Kabir. Reported by AI-Bukhari and Muslim. Reported by At- Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah and Ahmad. Reported by Ahmad and AI-Hakim. The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Whoever leaves her husband's house (without his permission), the angels curse her until she returns or repents.”2
The Prophet (pbuh) said, "If a woman dies while her husband was pleased with her, she will enter paradise.” 3 Thus, it is obligatory for a woman to respond to her husband anytime and anywhere unless she has a legal excuse, menstruation or the like. The Prophet (pbuh) said, "When a man sends for his wife for the satisfaction of his need, she should go to him even if she may be occupied in baking bread (cooking food).” 4 It is unlawful to approach a woman during the time of her menstruation as stated by Allah: {Keep away from women in their curses, and do not approach them until they are clean} (Al-Baqarah: 222)
The Prophet said,
"Whoever has intercourse with a woman during her period has disbelieved in what has been revealed upon Muhammad.” 5
"He who has intercourse with a woman during her period or sodomizes her is accursed.” 6
This also applies to post natal bleeding.
A woman should keep in mind that there are some rights towards her husband she should observe. She should not spend of his money, or do anything without permission. She also should not revile or disgust him.
Al-Asma'i recounted, once I was passing by a desert and as met a very beautiful woman who had an ugly husband. I asked her, how did you accept him a husband? She said, give me your ear! He might have kept a good relation with Allah and thus He made me a reward to him. On the other hand, I might have disobeyed Allah and thus he made him my punishment.
'Aishah said, "O women, had you known your husbands' rights, any woman among you would have wiped dust from her husband's shoes on her face"
The Prophet (pbuh) said,
"Your heavenly wife is the kind who, when her husband hurts comes close to her husband, puts her hand in his and says, I'll never sleep until you are pleased.” 7
Reported by AI-Hakim who said that it is an authentic hadith. Reported by AI-Mundhiri in At-Targhib wa At-Tarhib and it has numerous references. Reported by At- Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah and AI-Hakim. Reported by At- Tirmidhi Reported before. Reported before. Reported by AI-Haithami in numerous ways all of which are weak. A woman should also be: loyal before her husband, lower her gaze before him, keep silent when he speaks, stand when he comes, or leaves, offer herself when he sleeps, perfume herself, brush her teeth (with Siwak), be adorned in his accompany, leave aside what annoys him in his presence like slandering or in absence like treachery in bed, property or home, honor his family and kinsmen, and be content of what he brings however little. A woman who fears Allah should do her best to obey Allah and her husband and seek his pleasures because he himself is her paradise or hell fire. The Prophet said, "If a woman dies while her husband was pleased with her, she will enter paradise.” "If a woman performs the five (prayers), fasts the month (of Ramadan) and obeys her husband, she will enter paradise from any gate she wants.”1 The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Birds in the sky, whales in the water, angels in the heaven, the sun and the moon will all ask Allah to forgive women who obey their husbands so long as they are pleased with them. If a woman disobeys her husband she entails the curse of Allah, the angels and all people. If a woman makes her husband frown, Allah's wrath is upon her until she makes him laugh and pleased. If a woman leaves her husband's house without his permission, the angels curse her until she returns or repents.” 2
The Prophet (pbuh) said,
"There are four women in Paradise and they are: a chaste and an obedient one to Allah and her husband, patient, content, coy, and reproductive who guards her husband's property and herself in his absence and holds her tongue in his presence. A widow who devotes her life for her children and does not marry lest they fail. As for the four women of Hell –fire.” "The woman who has a shrew tongue and is vulgar towards her husband, who does not guard herself in his absence and injures him with her tongue in his presences. The one who charges her husband burdens greater than he can bear. The one who shows herself to men and goes out doors displaying her beauty. The one who does not concern herself except with food, drink and sleep. Further she is not eager to pray or to obey Allah and her husband, such a woman who in addition to that, leaves her husband's home without his permission is accursed by the people of fire until she repents to Allah.” 3 He also said,
"Having had a look at the fire, I found that most of its people are women. This is because, they do not always obey Allah, his Messenger and their husband's and display their beauty to other than their husbands.” 4
"A woman is Awrah. Whenever she goes outdoors, Satan receives her.” 5 The closer a woman is to Allah, the longer she stays in her home. The Prophet said,
Reported by Ahmad. Not found. Reported by A1-Bukhari. Reported before Reported by At- Tirmidhi, Ibn Hibban and Abu Dawud. "A woman is privacy. Thus, hold her at home. Because, if she is about to go out door, and her kinsmen ask where are you going? She says, 'I'll visit a patient, or I'll attend a funeral. Satan keeps on tempting her until she leaves the house. Thus, if a woman seeks Allah's pleasure, it is better to her to stay home, worship Allah and obey her husband.” 1
Ali said to his wife, Patimah (may Allah be pleased with them both), "O Patimah, what is the best thing for a woman? She answered, "not to see men or be seem by them". Ali also said, "Do you not grow jealous! When you let your wives walk among men and see each other!" Once' Aishah and Hafsa were sitting with the Prophet (pbuh) when fun Umm Maktum who was blind came there.
"The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Cover yourselves from him." They replied, "We submit, O Messenger of Allah! Is he not blind and cannot see to recognize us. On this the Prophet (pbuh) said, But you are not blind and can see him.” 2
Thus, both men and women should not look at each other except because of necessity. Once there was a
woman who used to display her beauty when she went outdoors. After her death, her kinsmen saw her in a
dream standing before Allah dressed in transparent clothes. Then the wind blew and exposed her.
Accordingly, Allah rejected her and said take her leftward to the Hell-Fire since she was displaying her
beauty to the world.
Ali Ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) said,
"1 came to the Prophet accompanied with Fatimah but We noticed him weeping vehemently. I said,
"I sacrifice you with my father and mother, Messenger of Allah. Why do you weep?" He said, "0 Ali, in the
night Journey (Isra) when I was taken up to the sky, I saw some women of my nation suffering some types
of torture. Therefore, I wept because of their sever tortures. I saw a woman who was hanging from her hair
and her brain was boiling. Another Woman was hanging from her tongue and a boiling fluid was being
poured into her mouth. Another woman whose legs were tied to her breasts and her hands to her forehead
and another who was hanging from her breasts. Another whose head was like a pig's and body like a
donkey and suffered million types of torture, and another woman who had the shape of a dog while the fire
pierced her month until it left her body from the anus and the angels were also Scourging her with lashes of
fire. Upon hearing that, Fatimah asked. O darling and the pleasure of my eyes, what were they doing to
Suffer such torture? Then the Prophet said; O daughter, as for the woman who was hanged from hair, she
Reported by Ibn Hajar AI-Haith ami in Majma' Al-Zawa'id and he said that it is narrated by At- Tabarani and the transmitters of this hadith are trustworty. Reported by Abu Dawud, At- Tirmidhi and Ahmad. would not cover her hair from men. The woman who was hanged from her tongue used to bring harm to
her husband; the one who was hanged from her breasts cumulated her husband's bed. The woman whose
legs were tied to her breasts and hands to forehead and suffering from serpents and scorpions would not
clean her body from major impurity or menstruation, and neglected prayer. The woman whose head was
like a pig's and had a donkey’s body was a talebearer and lair. As for the last one, she used to remind
recipients of her charity to them and was envious. O daughter, woe to her who disobeys her husband.” 1
Muadh Ibn Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) related that the Prophet (pbuh) said,
"Whenever a woman causes annoyance and torture to her husband in this world, his mate from among the hour is of Paradise says to her: may Allah ruin thee, do not cause your husband annoyance, for, he is only your guest, and will soon leave thee to join us in Paradise.” 2 Similarly, a husband is commanded to treat his wife kindly and tenderly. He should also be patient if she mistreats him. Food, clothes and kind treatment are also binding for a man to give to his wife. Allah the Almighty says, {But consort with them in kindness} (An-Nisa': 19)
The Prophet (pbuh) said, "Listen! Treat women kindly, they are like prisoners in you hands. Beyond this do not use anything from them. If they are guilty of flagrant misbehaviors, you can remove them from your beds and beat them but do not inflict upon them any severe punishment. Then, if they obey you, you do not have recourse to anything else against them. Listen! You have your rights upon your wives and they have their rights upon you. Your right is that they shall not allow anyone you dislike to trample your bed and do not permit them to enter your home.” 3 The Prophet (pbuh) said,
"The best of you is whoever treats his wife kindly.” 4
The Prophet (pbuh) used to treat women very tenderly. He (pbuh) said,
"Whoever remains patient with regards to the misbehavior of his wife, Allah will give him a reward as great as Ayub's for his affliction. Likewise, if a woman keeps patient with regards to the misbehavior of her husband, Allah will give her a reward as great as 'Aishah's Bint Muzahim, (the Pharaoh's wife).” 5
Once, there was a man who came to 'Umar to complain about the misbehavior of his wife. While he was waiting for 'Umar by the door, he heard 'Umar's wife speaking to him indecently but 'Umar was
Not found. Reported by At- Tirmidhi, Ibn Hibban, Ahmad and Ad-Dai1ami. Reponed by At- Tirmdhi and Ibn Hibban. Reponed by At- Tirmidhi, Ibn Hibban and Ibn Majah. Reponed by AI-Hakim in AI-Mustadrak and he said that the Transmitters of this hadith are trustworthy. keeping silent. Thereupon, the man went back and said, "If this is the case of 'Umar who was decisive and he was also the Commander of the Believers what about me?" Then 'Umar went out and noticed him leaving. He called him and said, "What do you want?" The man said, "O Commander of the Believers, I came to complain about my wife's misconduct and her indecency towards me but when I heard your wife I went back and said what about me?" 'Umar then said, "O brother, I endured her misbehavior for some rights upon me to her: she cooked my food, bakes my bread, washes my clothes and suckles my babies. She is not required to do such work. Furthermore, my heart is repelled from the unlawful because of her. Thereby, I endured her. “So is my wife, Commander of the Believers" the man said. Then, 'Umar said, "Thus you should endure her. It is a short life we live in." 48) Picture-making
This applies to pictures on clothes, walls, stones, coins and all things whether they are made from wax, pastes, steel, copper, wool or otherwise.
Allah, the Almighty said,
{Those who annoy Allah and His Messenger-Allah has cursed them in this world and in the Hereafter, and has prepared for them a humiliating punishment.}
(AI-Ahzab: 57)
'Ikrimah said, what is meant by "Those who annoy Allah and His Messenger are picture-makers. On the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), "The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,
"On the Day of Judgment, the picture-makers will be punished and will be told, "Bring to life what you have created.” 1
On the authority of 'Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) who said, "Once the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) came back from a journey while I unintentionally covered myself with a curtain on which there were pictures of statutes. Upon seeing it, the face of the Messenger of Allah was changed and said,
"0 'Aishah, the most severely punished among people (on the Day of Judgment) will be those who try to
create some thing similar to what Allah has created. 'Aishah (may Allah be pleased with he) said, 'I cut it
off and made from it two cushions.” 2 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) who said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) saying, "Every picture-maker will be in Hell-Fire, in which there will be, with every picture he has made (in the worldly life), a soul with which he will be tortured.” 3
Ibn ' Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) also reported that, "I heard the messenger of Allah (pbuh) saying,
"In the worldly life, whoever made a picture, he would be ordered, on the Day of Judgment, to put life into it which he would never be able to do.” 4 The Prophet (pbuh) has also been reported to have said,
"Allah the Almighty says, who does greater wrong than he who desires to create the like of what I create? Let them create a grain of barely! Let them create an atom.” 5
The Prophet (pbuh) said,
Reponed by Al-Bukhari. Reponed by Al-Bukhari. Reponed by Muslim. Reponed by Al-Bukhari. Reponed by Al-Bukhari. "On the Day of Judgment, a neck (person) will come out from the Hell and will say, "1 am
entrusted with three persons, whoever associated with Allah other partners, every tyrant and oppressor and
picture-maker.” 1
The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,
"The angels do not enter a house in which there is a dog or a picture.” 2
In Sunan Abu Dawud, it is reported on the authority of 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,
"The angels do not enter a house in which there is a dog, a picture or a person who is in a state of ritual impurity.” 3
Concerning this hadith, AI-Khattabi (may Allah bestow mercy upon him) said, "What is meant by angels is those who descend with mercy and blessings and not those who are entrusted with recording the actions of the servants who accompany those who are in a state of ritual impurity or otherwise. It is also said that what is meant by "a person who is in a state of ritual impurity" is not the one who delays washing until the time of the Prayer comes but the one who does not wash himself from this impurity and neglects it to the extent that it becomes a habit for him. The following narration lends support to the previous meaning, "The Prophet used to have sexual intercourse with all of his wives and wash himself only once." This means that the Prophet (pbuh) delayed washing from ritual impurity and did not have body-washing directly after it became obligatory.
'Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said, "Sometimes the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings upon him) retired to his bed while he was in a state of ritual impurity and did not touch any water.” 4 As for keeping dogs, it is prohibited if they are used in purposes other than guarding groups of people or for hunting. But if a person is obliged to keep them, for certain purposes, there will be no wrong in this. By the same token, if the person keeps dogs for guarding his house, there will also be no wrong in this. As for pictures, it includes everything, which has a soul, whether they are erected bodies, or painted in a ceiling or on a wall or placed in a certain pattern or woven in clothes or places. In all these cases, pictures should be avoided. Pictures should be defaced and removed in cases where the person is able to do so. In his Sahih, Muslim reported on the authority of Hayyan Ibn Husain who said, "Ali Ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) told me saying, "Should I teach you something on which the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) has brought to me? Do not leave a picture until you erase it, or a raised grave unless leveling it.” 5
Reported by At- Tifll1idhi. Reported by A1-Bukhari. Reported by Abu Dawud. Reported by At- Tifll1idhi. Reported by Muslim. 49) Loudly Lamenting for the Dead or When Afflicted with an Adversity
In Sahih Muslim, Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) reported, "The Prophet (pbuh) said that,
“He who slaps his cheeks, rips his pockets, or calls out the cries of the pre-Islamic period of ignorance is not of us.” 1
Abu Musa AI-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that,
"The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) cleared himself from the woman who loudly lament, the one who shaves or plucks out her hair when being afflicted with an adversity, and the one who rips off her clothes.” 2
All these types are prohibited according to the consensus of the scholars. It is also prohibited to dishevel one's hair, slap the cheeks, scratch the face and to wail and burst into loud lamenting.
Umm 'Attiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) said,
"Among things upon which we gave the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) the oath of allegiance was to refrain from loud lamenting.” 3 Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessing be upon him} said, "Two qualities in people are unbelief attacking another's ancestry, and wailing over the dead.” 4 On the authority of Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) who said, "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has cursed the woman who loudly wails for the dead and whoever listens to her.”5 On the authority of Abu Burda who said, "Once Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari was sick and consequently he fell unconscious in the lap of a woman from his family. She, in turn, cried loudly and he could not stop her. When he became conscious, he said, "I cleared myself from what the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) cleared himself i.e., the woman who loudly laments, the one who shaves or plucks out her hair when being afflicted with an adversity and the one who rips her clothes.” 6
On the authority of An-Nu'man Ibn Bashir (may Allah be pleased with him) who said,
Reported by A1-Bukhari. Reported by AJ-Bukhari and Muslim. Reported by A1-Bukhari. Reported by Muslim. Reported by Abu Dawud Reported by An-Nasa'i. "Once' Abdullah Ibn Rawaha fell unconscious. Consequently, his sister started wailing over him saying, 'O so and so.' When he became conscious, he said, 'You never said something, unless it was said to me are you so and so.” 1 It is also reported in the two Sahihs that, "The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,
"In his grave, the dead is tortured with what he was lamenting over?” 2
On the authority of Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) who said,
"Never has a person died and his people wail upon him saying, 'O our master, O our sustainer, or the so and so, and two angels not be entrusted with his torture saying, weren't you so and so?”3
The Prophet (pbuh) said,
"If the woman who loudly laments the dead does not repent before the time of her death, she will be raised on the Day of Judgment wearing a garment from a tar and a coat of mail from scabies.”4
The Prophet (pbuh) also said,
"It is forbidden for me to make two foolish sounds, the one when being granted with a blessing; amusement, playing and the flute of Satan, and the other when being afflicted with an adversity; scratching one's face, ripping one's pockets and crying.” 5
AI-Hasan said, "Two sounds are cursed, the sound when being granted with a blessing and the sound when
being afflicted with an adversity.” 6 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessing be upon him) also said, "The people who loudly wail will be made into two rows in the Hell-Fire and will bark at the people of the fire as dogs do.” 7 AI-Awza'i said, once 'Umar Thn AI-Khattab heard some people weeping, consequently, he entered upon them along with others and started beating them until he reached the woman who was wailing. He also beat her to such an extent that her veil (Hijab) fell down. He commented saying, 'Beat her! She is wailing and there is no sanctity for such people. She does not weep out of being affected with your adversity, rather she sheds tears to take your money. This only harms your dead in their graves and the ones who are still alive in their homes. She also prohibits committing to patience which is the command of Allah and encourages despair which Allah forbids."
Loudly lamenting means to raise one's voice with wailing and mentioning the good traits of the dead. It is also said that it means that to weep over the dead by mentioning his good traits. The scholars said it is not allowed to raise your voice when weeping. As for weeping over the dead
Reported by AJ-Bukhari. Reported by AI-Bukhari and Muslim. Reported by At-Tirmidhi. Reported by Muslim. Reported by At- Tirmidhi. Reported by Ibn Hajar Al-Haithami in Majma' Al-Zawa'id. Reported by Ibn Hajar Al-Haithami in Majma' Al-Zawa'id. without wailing or loud lamenting, it is not forbidden. In Sahih of Al-Bukhari and Muslim, Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that, "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessing be upon him) visited Sa'd Ibn 'Ubadah along with `Abdul-Rahman Ibn 'Awf, Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqas and 'Abdullah Ibn Mus'ud (may Allah be pleased with them all). Thereupon the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) wept. Upon seeing the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) in this state, the people also wept. The Prophet said,
"Don't you hear?! Allah does not torment the people because of the tears of the eye or the grief of the heart. Rather, He torments or bestows His mercy upon the people because of the returns of "this" and he pointed to his tongue.” 1
In the two Sahihs, it is also reported on the authority of Usarnah Ibn Zayd that "The son of the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) came to Messenger when he was dying. Thereupon, the eyes of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) were soaked with tears. Sa'd said,
“O Messenger of Allah what is this?' The Prophet said, "This is a mercy which is created by Allah within the hearts of His servants and Allah will only shower His mercy upon the merciful ones (amongst His servants)” 2
In Sahih AI-Bukhari, it is reported on the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) that,
"The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) entered upon his son, Ibrahim, while he was dying. Thereupon the eyes of the Prophet (pbuh) started to shed tears. 'Abdul-Rahman Ibn 'Awf said to him, 'You too, O Messenger of Allah!' The Prophet commented, 'O Ibn Awf, it is a mercy' and repeated it twice and said, 'The eyes shed tears, the heart is grieved, but we do not say anything except what pleases Allah and for your death we are very sad, O Ibrahim.”3 As for the Sahih hadith which states, "The dead will be tortured with the weeping of his family over him.” 4 It is not to be taken literally, it is interpreted differently by various scholars. The most evident meaning is, but Allah knows best, that the weeping may be for some other reasons such as the deceased person may have advised his family to do so prior to his death. The followers of Shafi'i said, "The weeping over the dead is allowed before and after his death. But it is preferable for it to be done before the death according to the hadith which states, "Let them (weep), but when his soul is really taken, do not allow anyone (to weep)." Shafi'i and his followers stated that weeping after the death is only reprehensible but it is not forbidden. They interpreted the previous hadith as follows, "It is reprehensible to let them weep (after the death)." The woman who loudly laments the dead will be tormented in such way because she, in so doing, orders the people to be despondent and impatient and this is in contradiction to what Allah and his Messenger has ordered. Allah the Almighty has said, {O ye who believe! Seek help with patient perseverance and prayer: for God is with those who patiently
Reported by AI-Bukhari. Reported by AI-Bukhari. Reported by AI-Bukhari. Reported by Al-Bukhari. persevere and say not of those who are slain in the way of Allah: "They are dead" Nay, they are living, though ye perceive (it) not. Be sure We shall test you with some thing of fear and hunger, some loss in good, lives and the fruits (of your toil), but give glad tidings to those who patiently persevere, who say, when afflicted with calamity: To Allah we belong, and to Him is Our return.} (AI-Baqarah: 153-156)
'Ata' reported Ibn' Abbas to have said, "This means that Allah will support such people and will never disappoint them. Allah the Almighty said, {Be sure we shall test you.} i.e., Allah will treat such kind of people the same way He treated the afflicted people. That is because Allah knows the returns and consequences of all things and He is in no need for the afflicted to know the result but He just deals with them in such way.
So, whoever is patient, he will be rewarded for his patience and whoever is impatient, will be deprived of such reward then Allah said,{ with something of fear and hunger.} Ibn 'Abbas said, {fear}means fear from the enemy and hunger means famine and drought. 4 Some loss in goods p, means loss and decrease in property and death of animals. {Lives} means loss of lives through death, killing, disease and old age. {And the fruit} means decrease in needs of people and the fruits will be imperfect. Then Allah the Almighty ended the Ayah with giving good news to those who are patient to indicate that whoever was afflicted with these calamities and was patient, he is promised by Allah to be rewarded, Allah the Almighty said, "But give glad tidings to those who patiently persevere." Then Allah described them saying, {who say when afflicted with calamity.} i.e., they were afflicted with what previously mentioned. To be afflicted with good thing is not affliction. { They say, to Allah we belong.} i.e., we are the servants of Allah and He can dispose with us with whatever He will. {And to Him is our return.} This will be through death. The return to Allah means that He will be the only Sovereign. That is because some people govern in this world, but as soon as they are deprived of it, they know the whole matter will be in the Hands of Allah, the Almighty. On the authority of `Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) who said, "The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "Whatever the calamity a believer is afflicted with, he will be compensated for it, even the sting of the thorn.” 1 The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "Whoever is afflicted with a calamity, let him remember the calamity of my death for it is the greatest of all.” 2 The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said, "The son of a person died and Allah the Almighty said to the angels, 'Did you take the soul of the son of my servant.'They will reply, 'Yes.' Allah will say, 'Did you take the fruit of his heart.' They will reply, 'Yes.’
Reported by A1-Bukhari. Reported by Ad-Darimi. Allah will say, 'What did my servant say.' They will say, 'He praised You and sought the reward from You.' Allah will say 'Build a house for my servant in Paradise and call it the house of praise.” 1
The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) also said,
"The Almighty Allah said in a hadith Qudsi, "The reward of my believing servant, if I take the soul of his bosom friend in this world and he was patient and sought the reward from Me, will be nothing except Paradise.” 2
The Prophet (pbuh) also said, "Among those things which bring happiness to the son of Adam is to be satisfied with what Allah has destined for him,' and among things which bring him wretchedness is to be dissatisfied with Allah's blessing.” 3